Past Issue

Lemmel syndrome, characterized by biliary and pancreatic duct obstruction secondary to a periampullary duodenal diverticulum (PAD), remains a rare and often overlooked diagnosis,which can lead to a variety of gastrointestinal and biliary complications. This condition is often associated with obstructive jaundice, intermittent abdominal pain, cholangitis,and pancreatitis,resulting fromthe mechanicalobstructionorcompression of the biliary and pancreatic ducts.

Vesicovaginal reflux (VVR) is a rarely encountered and less known entity1. It is a functional voiding disorder, usually seen in prepubertal girls without anatomical or neurological abnormality and is defined as an abnormal retrograde reflux of urine into vaginal vault during bladder distension and early micturition. It presents with vaginal collection sonographically identical to obstructive hydrocolpos. It is important to differentiate these two, as the treatment of VVR is mainly non-surgical2.

Introduction: The newborn’s ability to feed  is essential for discharge. The use of scales to assess the acquisition of oral feeding skills allows to identify feeding problems. Objective: To identify a tool for assessing nutritional skills in preterm infants that is suitable to be introduced to our neonatal intensive care unit (University Medical Center Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) focusing on validity, ease of application and relevance and to apply it to our clinical context. Materials and Methods.

Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci arranged in pairs. Most of the infections are caused by non-motile enterococcus species such as E. faecalis, E. faecium. Infections caused by motile enterococci species (E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum) are rare. Risk factors for motile enterococcal bacteremia include advanced age, immunosuppression, nosocomial infection, previous enterococcal infections, and  comorbidities like diabetes or heart disease.

Intrahepatic mass forming cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic tumour worldwide which accounts for approximately 5%-10% of all cholangiocarcinoma and accounts for approximately 10% to 20% of all primary liver cancers. The incidence ranges from 0.3-6 per 1,00,000 inhabitants per year. The arterial enhancement pattern at CT, MRI along with CA 19-9 levels and tumour size may be useful prognostic markers in the preoperative evaluation of patients with resectable intrahepatic mass forming cholangiocarcinoma.

Dunbar Syndrome, also known as Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS) or Celiac Artery Compression Syndrome, is a rare vascular condition caused by external compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament. This leads to reduced blood flow to abdominal organs and presents with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms, predominantly postprandial abdominal pain. First described in the 1960s, the syndrome involves both vascular compromise and nerve irritation, making diagnosis and management particularly complex

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is one of the rare subtypes of osteosarcoma and accounts for 4% of all osteosarcomas. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is a rare variant of osteosarcoma with distinctive radiographic, gross, and microscopic features and prognostic implications. The common sites for the tumor location are the fastest growing long tubular bones; the femur is involved most frequently, followed in frequency by the tibia and humerus – a distribution similar to that of conventional osteosarcoma.

Pentalogy of Cantrell (POC) is an extremely rare and complex congenital anomaly characterized by combination of malformations involving the heart, pericardium, diaphragm, sternum, and ventral abdominal wall(1,4). It is estimated to occur in approximately 5.5 per million births with a male to female ratio of 2:1(2,3). It was first reported by James R Cantrell in 1958. The exact cause of POC remains unclear, and most cases reported in literature have occurred sporadically.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most prevalent type of cancer among women. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably. Anxiety and depression are common psychological responses among breast cancer patients, which can significantly impact their quality of life (QoL). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety in breast cancer patients and explore the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) therapy in alleviating anxiety and improving QoL.

The Indian Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector is on the brink of a technological revolution, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) playing a pivotal role in transforming every facet of the industry. From the breakfast cereal on your kitchen shelf to the online advertisements you see, AI is reshaping how the FMCG sector functions, evolves, and stays competitive in a fast-changing market. Although AI adoption in India’s FMCG industry is still in its early stages, widespread integration is inevitable.