Introduction: Hypertension is considered a multifactorial clinical condition, in which some differences are perceived physiological and immunological between the genders. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological aspects and risk factors that influence the emergence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension in adults. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive and quantitative research. A sample composed of 737 adults was used, in which 216 belonged to the male gender and 521 to the female gender, aged between 20 and 45 years. He used variables such as education, employment status, marital status, social class, body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Regarding schooling and the Body Mass Index, the risk factors for hypertension were considered in a general sample with p≤0.007 and p0.001, respectively. Marital status and waist circumference were significant for women with p≤0.01 and p0.005, respectively, and not for men. Final considerations: In the present study, it was noted that some of the variables studied could influence the diagnosis of systemic arterial hypertension in both men and adult women. It was also observed that there are physiological and immunological differences in the diagnosis of hypertension, suggesting that risk factors are different between genders and should be analyzed in isolation, respecting the particularities of each group
