Introduction Plasma cell Neoplasms are monoclonal proliferations characterised by the secretion of an immunoglobulin products known as component “M” or monoclonal. The objective of the present study was to correlate their clinical, morphological and phenotype characterised in 25 patients.
Materials and Methods
A 3 year retrospective review was performed from the files of the hematology service of the tertiary care hospital Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES), Karad searching for patients with a diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasms and following variables were analysed: age, gender, clinical symptoms, evolutions, localisation, laboratory tests, morphology. Of the 25 patients, all were reported as plasma cell dyscrasias with bone marrow plasma cells >30 % and 3 patients had associated plasmacytomas of chest wall.
Results
Males predominated with 52 %, females 48% and age ranged from 30-92 years. Most of the patients presented with anaemia, backache and renal disease. The time of symptomatology varied from 3-12 months. Laboratory tests revealed that most of the patients had anemia, hypercalcemia, lytic bone lesions, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), M band on Electrophoresis. Mature forms of plasma cells predominated morphologically however few of the cases had immature plasma cells as well. Treatment depends on the clinical staging and laboratory data.The average percentage of bone marrow plasmacytosis at diagnosis was 39%. Clinical features at presentation were anemia (100% ) and bone pains (80% ), while pathological fractures were found in (44% ) and nephropathy in (24%).
Conclusion
Presence of bone pain and anemia in elderly patients should alert the clinicians to investigate along the lines of MM. Majority of patients had osteolytic lesions on X-ray and pathological fractures.
