This review evaluates the influence of type 1Diabetes on the oral health of children and adolescents. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a rising incidence around the globe and manifesting typically in childhood. Several research studies have claimed an association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and oral problems in young patients. Type 1 Diabetes is found to be related to a multitude of oral complications such as tooth decay, dry mouth, tooth loss, higher plaque levels and a higher prevalence of gingival and periodontal irregularities. Conclusions on the relationship between type 1 DM and periodontal status have been drawn by many studies; some studies have indicated a correlation between the duration of diabetes and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Diabetic children were recorded to have a reduced salivary flow rate, with elevated levels of S. mutans, making them more prone to dental caries. Poor metabolic control also seemed to play a role in the manifestation of these symptoms; patients with poor glycaemic control exhibited more oral lesions and lower salivary flow rates as compared to those with well controlled diabetes. The results of many of the studies in this area are inconsistent and there is a need for further, more thorough research on this topic.
