The study aims to assess insect diversity in the betelvine ecosystem at Attur village, in Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu, and India. Insects were collected during October 2012 to Febraury 2013 to determine their diversity, species richness and evenness. A total of 671 specimens were captured using different sampling methods e.g., netting, hand picking and trapping. Specimens belong to 26 families, 30 genera, 31 species and 10 orders of insect. Based on the data collected Lepidoptera recorded a maximum density of 150 insects with a population percentage of 22.38 % followed by Diptera with 3 species and a population percentage of 19.54 %. Based on the data collected, Homoptera with 6 species were the most diverse and abundant order (D=1.18) among collected insects. The diversity index was high in Odonata and Orthoptera due to numerical abundance of individuals. Physical factor like rainfall which was high during October and December increased the density of Lepidoptera and Diptera followed by other groups. The study may be helpful to biological management of the betelvine insect pests in the ecosystem. Further, proper timescale precaution measures like application and selection of pesticides and quantity may be predicted from the above diversity
